X L04AT810a[2] RW!((  0D 0Re  ٱF 0E  F D 08DE BLDi1i1 ЋЈ8`SYS EXSOD/xH)ӄDEDFȱD;GFDȱDI8eDDEDFDEFGIFGhөX"/l .  .  / @ Y0 / m `hh8`aBDOSXE SYS844BDOS2 SYS @,4BSETUP COM$M,4BRDRIVER SYSs,4BCOPY3_XECOMu,4  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>? L LfL, L0 L0 LL0 L0 &o ><=%-!:AUTORUN.SYS:AUTORUN.BATD1>DOS2.SYS``K:P:H h(`H)h(` 9 V F ` 9 Y F `,lHH ө HHlHH ө HHlhh@ 9 lDDFCECEDF`h ̠l  F `h l ͅ ȮDD 2S T $ I0 - m$ I0 [ S ' m  T S  9 `g S T F  D   ! D E  !! :N 0 T "D!7 E? DG eEEо ) E` DX i(DEiE ߩ1 D `B76$ 4  f0  > >  >  >1 > ] j <ө A62ҩBX`23% = f2 >1 > ] j A C𨩐70L C 2e1i1 Ϡ1ǠL>(ҩ҅1(ҩҍҍҤAx`e ҭ) 8 ҭ) 8%ҍ Ҋ`e1i1 Ҏ ҭ)խ)ʢ 4-24ҥ 0Я`  de%8hihi BLS d$e%$ 0 d e8`de     L )(ˎ 鮹 ~0R  )D++, 5-. )   0΢ 0Ϣ 0 m8` H hL 驸 qȹ , 轻   L`8` 驳 q |09 v00 C $(k w 驞 q& 8 v0F&0 H} h ~0. 60%  L_ 0 0 h h`8`*,+! #$H wh., : n , BJKD E S 80` X tٰ )L d dӅ2)Å345 )? @76 )JJJJ3 3)_R3Ӡ642Ӡ`WP8`3Ӡ46}dd? TO FILE ghS WHAThe WHATieA BINARYhMAIN MENU ACCESSnDIRECTORDUPLICATE MEMORYDOS XE DISKLISTDRIVEDEVICE PUSH  START fESYSTEM -------------------------------------COPY APPENDFROMjfjMACHINE LANGUAGEoESCAPEyFUNCTIONnSELECT ITEM OR zd FOR m: OR RETURN:PROTECTNAMEeGIVE FOR `pYTODAY:dzINITIALIZE t ADDRESSeINVALIDfh ALREADY EXISTS.ING WILL {OVER ITCAUTION!THIS OPERATION DESTROYS PROGRAM AR EAxPUSH  SELECT fSTOP NOWINGCONTINUNUMBER`st OPERATING yCOPYRIGHT 1988 ATARI CORP.VERSION 01.00zm go   zd:EXITfCARTRIDGEEXITfBASICbCOMMANDeb NO CARTRIDGE bduk:*.*ufWHEREegS uINGbdNEW pYbd WORKING pYbdVIEWjVIEW Ahb{}{~{gSONE v,i ON SAME te SAME t/NOT SAME (S OR N)eNVERIFY EACH BEFORE PROCEEDING? /NO (V OR N)eV{SUBpIES OR ONLYie SUBpIES/gS (S OR F)eFPUSH  START f{THIShPUSH  SELECT fBYPASS IT COPYING bdkibd| }| ~|fAhbdUNkUNibdREkDO NOT GIVE v (DN:) IN NEW fWHAT NEW eREibdERASEkERASEibdDELETE WHAT pYeDELETE pY`bdWHAT v ev IS A(N) dAVAILABLE wTYPES ARECHOOSE ONE OF ABOVE wTYPESGIVE ITS > READYfsgo    bRUN lLOAD/RUNjbLOAD l SAVE TOjSTART ENDRUNSAVErfl | TOj|rflbDISPLAYrbNEW DATAeCHANGEr GOfA  PROGRAM sodd (DO NO T RUN)bqFROM qf PUT f t IN v PUT FROM t IN v qA tbRUNjRUN A BATCHhbALLOW DOS 2.X ACCESSbGIVE DATE IN FORM DDMMYYVALID MONTHS (MM) ARE: JA FB MR AP MY JN JL AG SE OC NO DEdSET TO WHAT DATEeSET CURRENT DATEbdCREATE DOSXE.SYSh sddyERROR OR DATE LOADh NEEDEDh/w/SUBpYNO MOREh BUFFERSt PROBABLY WRITE EDHARDWARE CONNECTION PROBLEMSt FULLUNEXPECTED END OFhCAN'T WRITE/ERASE EDig DOES NOT EXISTCAN'T BAD wOR t TYPE SUBpY REQUESTFATAL ERROR ONh CLOSE!g /MAP/LINK MISMATCHBREAKERROR #" ٛ` HH` !#$%&*+,(ȾO )) Lw L,\ X tِ d  )M\ ) \  [ ِL ,* H ߮V @ h` /L X tِ d I ِL ) ) d dz   L  0: WH y HH Wy 3 -    ɘLnz   [ ` X tٰx ` l ^ vڰ^\ a m a m  )/] a ?] m ,m ? [^ ]  ِ­^ L d d d li X tٰ^[AWH H H Hެ -  W'i1i1x y Ъhh Hh [ ` dV W HV   "3 D E'D  F G H IhV ` dʊ) )'7 ? O ؙ0`*V hh`W 8 * V ` *)@V NOH) ( 3 4 2 0 1   轌 ʈh`AT810a[2] RW!((AT10502] RW"2(XF551] (d(130RAMERWSSDD] ] RW!((??????] ] RW??????] ] RW??????] ] RW 7W1 6ې9#1 6۰> 9 p U d dȱ$ o ȱ$ Ȣ $p T` ٮ " ޭ  H vڍ 7 o0Ha ?فA  , ` L )` d) ۭ i1i1x y  HޠL ۭ C ) 8 0 7x y [ޭx y ~   [8` d d Ly (` d  p ). ȩ 9* ? 3 .1?(_$- 0:)_@[ T1 a Нa 8  p 8  ?a ``  `Ȏ $ : ȱ$ :`8`! )` $S@ ] 0Am 0! `~ } ~ m m ~ Э} i ԩ!8`ۢ ۝ ] `1N@m  !)Ȅ! :$$ d X˩| } | Ƚ 5$} i ٰy \ ۦ! )"*)Ȍ| V! O| -˭ D E!  )| .I('! 0=n (m n O ]  d d T۰| | 1/. &@'*0 0* L 0DE EDDȑDȭ ґD| ԭ DȑD} ȩ  DDEm  8  ޢ  gަ! 0| Ll   8 0iȮ `8H8F Ln`  #J"1 )/.8   H Eh`l  d 8   08` D ED` x)D 8D ΃   DLn xީ M ) L"ˊiD 0ϩ` ` HD hi ⠬ШhD G ȱDO ` 0 "˩D 0LްL] H .  ] h i0 ] N n 8逍`` h 8`h X ` ` u߰ F H GȌ IȌ ` d` 8`h h ` ߢ ` dhh`T `آ ʎ f  / H U T X hHo . z c 䢆h hhh`< a }   LS L} > f  X ` L䭯 ߩ ` `8_HHȱJ8e ;` L^H 0o p X = hL^hH" h н(0 L^ hh`8m 8 U T   p     U Ta L^ `t^|}h~FMSE FPUERV WN|DCAAIy RLS9A3DWCGFWRQSIyCDAFW 8``hhL穛  Φ H hɛ ) { ` HɊ h(`HHIBh S H h(`, ֢ h3 HH)h)J)KhDEBLS 6 Xө ͢$ ŭ E DD L3  ` 0@J " " 0 ` R 謣 ̢ G# " ̢ ΢ Lb U T " J  H h   ) {`)_ JH 欢 ̣ ! " h" L"謢 ̣ UH hU ެ L"Σ UH hU ` L"记 n0P `P h  U T ΢  ` X   Ro K X " o ; ɛ  L驛o Xɛ L欣 " ;`̢ ` L,H !ho 8`o Kn o :o o o 0  Lp n : `o `*.* whh`H f hH :h>0&'H h x )`꩓ )J8j" ` o 8`*#ʎ o 0d0\:, SAOGKio . = . 1 . +,  m m o )m i 8` `H h LHJJJJ +h) ii0 歱 ` G G m ک u #    문  ) {. 欸  e8  `    o 0* Р`,ɍ ߩ q$ v0  8` 60K   8$Ȏhide S 0 LEЪ m  ` 60H 60 h`hhh8`  L o 0T AM A DA 9o `p l팶  A A *`8`o 0:)  ee`JFMA%MJJASONDABRPYNLGECOE 6! T "`  殀 :  )́ )" 歀 H h8` i  :   0 D d 0`8`   `hh8` |0H& u߰8 $%&Ȅ'$&b S Ɉ`8` ߩ 6 6 ͷ   䭷 D 䭺 D dШ 歹 KD 0 : ' ~0/ m 7 ?     ] L H H H'HH ] ͷ  䭷 D dC  0 ) @ & hhh h h  Lhhhhh8` 7 D? EȌD  ȱD ` 1 8 0&  N n `8`` ߩ (0۽ *?L]膠 q鰺 ƣ0Х H󅧢L H󅨭ʆ0* ISL; INŧ IS ŧ d` 楩03k& ~0$deb(hi S  Y8`L) M iiȢȥȵ  .穛В fū+Ŭ%`8ۊ8 LȄ8寅ڥ0Xii ک ڽ H h ))L ڱ LD* j ~L n~oih fc& fl m djH  z0 v0Lxy 0 hڤ 0 h d$L |0l% f0L\`8` 󩻍t u0*B S 0३iiۑ+݈Lo DA `p 19`1` BED S Bhh8` o `o A D: `)Ȫ0 ȱ۝   膠 !۪0ȱ۝  詛 `*.*0 䥨L楢0 䥧L 6   0 m,( ~0>ʍ   0( 0! 0 0 0 0 0 0L8`D0>DOSXE.SYS@  D ED ȱD D$DEm  8 dDD=D]DC JC D E D8CDȱDDm -` C~ Ș%CL Ȋ`  ΀ fDm DEm E ,4 H1D'hDD D EqDDȱDiDD D` d*jj+ t٭  p  Pp s Dp 0q r _Z ޠDȱDDJfDJfDE Lu , .010p *q %r p  K BYTES FREE ٰ L ʬ  dp \ ɛp Dp ɛ Lq 𶩀 Ln& o )*p  p ., p  C  p C, 8 ) p  /  $ ) p q `I DJfDJfDE , 0DE ,  , 0 )E0 iE"D  PJHH) h(jJJJJ`p lp hDE0p D81HE6 EhDp h`p 00 p ` d'},{ *8{ . . . `{ 88j N n LgJ`V  L M N8N NL LML \)L tٮ p M *)%)W",G L d d pڥ"*zw(( )*)1*)  Iɮ LL5 d = ˥*)  b*)    Ln L[( = ˢ HHA b FFhh ޮV *J  @ L pڢTp  a Ha . a 2   L L! Hޮ 1 **)@V NOa  D E 8DiDȱDiDDD D D`N L M > Ln d    )3 ͭ ) 8   A3 f ; 3 f Б w B    `   ( ) d  H hm . / (` . / (- 0 H H H `Ln dC ʊI%C  H4 H H HCHI8 0  C` ȱHH " ) d4 ȑHH Hm ȱHi, - 1 , - ? ݠF F͆ Fͅ ` FF ` dF F F F` HH5. / ݩ hh` HH, - ݩ hh`W *, d)Lj F G &FHȘ ݄  ݂  ݃  h``h`h\ >\ $$%(() F$F$  F\  L Ln8    )")`6  $Ɉ Ln(8()$i$%`HW *) d F G hHFȘ h`\ ʮ  0/W  F$F Lm Ln H8 H H h h h `hhh`  ) ߩ(7V C#` ʭ )M 0 1 Hޮ2  ݏ4 2 ){  [ L dhDhEDW V C#H" *)*J D E ' D V h\ (`Ln ߩТX 8ABCDEFGHIJKL",.e$$%`  R@W,1, , Y,I` 3, ) 'L,#A%$?$Q"%@  "ɏ""" L" #"$"%"CC$$,%, "d,ߥ$,%,",0 "$%A-A !8`A^"` 3, )JB-)L' x)B-J  ,(( ' $L, ,(,C-) ' + +N-K-M-L# ,( M',L#,0i, *,,,, +, IBC- +,K-C,? * $ B*E-L, ,E-, A-G-O-P-` $,C-)D-K-L-Lv*,A! 3,,ȹ"B-)-G-F- )" $$,G-,G@E-E-L,LG# ,E-08`,-")<2-,0 n*-G$ȘF- "L$ $ )8(F-()(0ʥ)N-`$GȘF-G-L" 3,B-)L9(G-F- $ n*L$G,ȘG-K-L- F-L,L, 3,B-)W>E-Z * %P-HO-HB-)C-H $hC- n*M-K-N-L- *,hyhyC- * +B-L,>E- W*L%A-JJ, %, % % ,L*A-*` 3,BF7'8  %H&H`&'8& 'k'n''LG#dJJ!",! GFE@F %"(,!L,EE ,!E&,&E E,7EȩE,dE/EȩE +, *,L, ) ) , - ) ',,,?, - -? *, )L,Lt) ) M' * ) +L, +, ' $ + n*E` ,, ),) , * )L,,) ,E-0BMJ-LI-E- W*E-ML-LK- v* NF- ,G-L, ,G-NI-LJ-ML, x)[ *EqEHȱEqEh, (Gȹ`(G (L,,L$G,,ɛ,L, ) p(L,FREE SECTORS, G) *Gȩ GȽG GȌ,,*jj >G : M383 D4/8Ȍ1838E;E;18L;!1838)28028L~;284L~;28)8/81/818L:;/8L;`/8),8/8)-8/8).828,8L= 88͘8 8L;88IL;2888L;28L< ~3L#<$Ҡ More than one active RAMDISK; Y3LO ~3L=$What ATARI BASIC program do you want= Y3L>"to have run when DOS XE is booted?= Y3 ~3L5>Program File Name >> > M3O8= D48= 7ŠL>L~> That program file does>^ Y3L>exist in the given directory!> Y3 ~3L>Continue anyway (Y/N)? > M3 5L>` 6 ~3L> ...WORKING...> Y3-8L?L? :RDRIVER.SYS? 7ŠL? 6LR?"ERROR: File RDRIVER.SYS must be in?/ Y3L~?! current working directory!?\ Y3 5` 788L? :AUTORUN.SYS? 7ŠL)@ 6L?$Ҡ Could not create AUTORUN.SYS? Y3L@ Is disk write protected?? Y3 5`,8LP@ `4 |788-8L@ 88 7888M8 8M8L@L@"ERROR: Problem writing AUTORUN.SYS@ Y3 <6.8LA=8i0808=8080888 m8*(m8ȑ m8*(m8m08iiiȑ0i0i8i8i 40i 0i808> 408i 788 p5 |788 6 ~3 ~3LB AUTORUN.SYS created successfullyA Y3 5`)Ӡؙ0 `)Ӡ0 `vtLNBJBIBIBJB ѮLBIBJB w3IBJBLTB`gle DenLBLB Active Drives: B Y3BȌB͌BLCB )B8B =1LCLB Drive B M30mB w3LC is C M3BL?CL5C򩠢C! Y3LC8B 1eB0eBBB KBB )LCLC (configurable)C M3BILCLC (RamDisk)C M3 ~3BLB ~3`0"write verify")LC B} w3LD&ΠӠC Y3 ~3LAD Current Configuration:D( Y3 ~3 B ~3L`D Maximum of DT M3  53LD files may be open at onceDr Y3 ~3LD Is this configuration okay?D Y3LD Answer Yes or No (Y/N) >> D M3 5ILD`} w3 ~3L$E%ŠΠD Y3 ~3 ~3LWE" Type in the NUMBERS of the drivesE4 Y3L~E that you want to be active.Ea Y3 ~3LE$ For example, if you have two drivesE Y3LE you might type inE Y3LE 1 2E Y3L F! (Spaces are allowed but ignored)E Y3 ~3L@F% Do NOT specify a 130XE RamDisk here!F Y3 ~3LnF What drives do you want active?FM Y3L}F >> Fx M3C˩ D4CCCFFCLFN8CC1CCLFCC1CCLFCCL)G8CC=1LGC C ILGC L#GC CLF ~3 ~3LWG$ Do you want a 130XE RamDisk active?G2 Y3L}G Answer Yes or No (Y/N) >> Ga M3 5ILILG Which drive number will be usedG Y3LG" for a 130XE RamDisk? It must notG Y3L H! be the same as a physical drive.G Y3L/H RamDisk drive number? H M3 >48CCLH ~3LmH ˠ̠ԠŠŢHQ Y3LH Invalid drive number.Hw Y3LICC=1L'I ~3LH ˠ̠ԠŠŢH Y3LH That drive number is alreadyH Y3LI assigned to a physical drive.H Y3LI 1CCLI ~3LcI% This computer is not a 130XE,I= Y3LI RamDisk will not work.Im Y3 ~3LI Continue anyway (Y/N)? I M3 5CCLICC1CCi C  ~3LJ% Do you want to change maximum numberI Y3L?J of files OPEN at once (Y/N) ?J M3 5ILJLtJ How many files should be OPENJU Y3LJ simultaneously (1 to 7) ? J~ M3 >4CCLJCLJC LC` when RLJ B} w3 ~3LK%ŠŠΠJ Y3 ~3 ~3L-K Available Drive Types:K Y3 ~3JJLK J 1eJ0eJJJI?LKLK Drive Type K M31mJ w3LK is K M3JJ KB ~3JL> L\ M3 >48JJLL` J 1eJ0eJJJI?LL`} w3LL"ĠάŠŠL M3mJ w3 w3 ~3 ~3L+M Type name is M M3JJ KB ~3 ~3L\MTotal Sectors on Disk: MD M3JiJi A3LMUsable DOS XE Sectors: M M3Ji Ji A3JiJiLNLMWrites Single Density DisksM Y3L.NL'NWrites Double Density DisksN Y3JiJiLmNLcNWrites Single Sided DisksNI Y3LNLNWrites Double Sided DisksNp Y3LNDisk is set for N M3JiJiJJ)_IPLNLNwrite verifyN Y3LCOJ)_IWL#OLOwrite verifyO Y3LCOJLPLxO#Do you want to alter the write modeOT Y3LOfor this drive type (Y/N) ? O M3 5IL>PJ)JLODo you want future writes to beO Y3LO Ƞ verify (Y/N) ?O M3 5ILPJ WJL%PJ PJJiJi J -B 5LJ`LKP 4LVPK:PS c4} w3LP%Ю͠ΠՠPo Y3 ~3 ~3 ~3LP! Set up what will happen whenP Y3LP DOS XE bootsP Y3 ~3LQ# See or change configuration ofP Y3L?Q disks a!s known to DOS XEQ! Y3 ~3LmQ See or change detailed infoQL Y3LQ" about a particular drive typeQw Y3LQ as it is known to DOS XEQ Y3 ~3LQ& (Any other choice exits this program)Q Y3 ~3LR Which option do you want? R M3 >"4GPGP GPLS} w3 ~3LmR" Should I reinitialize system now?RJ Y3 ~3LR (If not, it will automaticallyRz Y3LR# reinitialize if needed when RESETR Y3LR is next pressed. Or, if youR Y3LS use the CREATE DOSXE.SYS menuR Y3#LFS option from DOS, the next timeS% Y3LpS the modified disk is booted.)SP Y3 ~3LS! REINITIALIZE? Yes or No (Y/N) ? S} M3 5ILS <6GPILS 8LSGPILS CLS JLgP`HP$t78 8 8P?@     YLM8  Y0 L8Lj8ERROR - CAN'T LOAD DRIVER BPD8EHI V` 8 8C8 De i L8` L7vwxyz{|}~$c: (c)1983 Action Computer Services  B JKIHiDiELV`L=$ =$ BLV`DL$$l L$ &` Fj`8冨凪` $EӅӥ $`ʆǪƩ Ɛee` $ƦʆǢ &Ɛeǐ % %L$ $'&&&8儨児祂*L$&&*ń8&&L$ [%`hihiHHȱȱL$c !#3`L$JJJJ`H $h`Hȩh r$L% {$L% %$L% -$L% 3$H8`HhHh _&L% BHI V䅠L% L& =$L%Ԇ ؠPIPP` &P -$L% &L& &L& 'L&H- &8塪墨hL' 'L& &'L& &ȹP`텠8堨塪 &芨Oȩ-`PP &P棩 Ѥģ0-ģ6000:,80H & &ehe&eģ0ʥ 8堅塅`$ &&*i0:0i &Ʀ`¢ 护°ڱ%ȱ%E &L`(担CS R&L`(I 'L`(H (L`( &L`( &B V %NLMȑ` MLN%B VL%S:)E:)[\ZUVT`Ѣ A)`ȱѢĦ`膡``ťƤe8夰LW) Ƥ8`ŦeѠe桊L[)d>O(PROC QUd:)ERR4R6( BYTE ARRAY MSG)4R( PUT(125)4R( PRINTF("ERROR # %B ",ERR)4R' PRINTE(MSG)4R' PUTE()4R) PUTE()4R'( Lv*)IL*Lv*)IL*L*`L*l L* *L*(}Insert a DOS XE master disk in drive* ?&L* number 1 and hit Ԣ* R& s*L*;;4L + %+} &L&+ ERROR # %B ++ C(++ ?& & &Lc+Hit Ԡ to return to DOS+F ?& s* *;Lt+p+L+ was unexpected!+zp+ +RDSEL+ %++ +  ++R1@) YL,L , while reading DOS 3 disk.+ +` DCBSBI='L&, %,,, &%e,e,",!,!,",L,,m!,,,m",,",!, &%,e,,e , ,,,, +!,Р",LZ,`I4RZL,),),,,,,L-,,,, +,i,,i,,,L,)ߢ +`BUFFERL1-)-(-D`*)i0a*:b*--,-)-(- $)e*-)e+-*-m,-+-iI L-,- L-*-m,-+-i--_*--,-Lx- *-i +-iI /*-i +-iI *-i +-iI L\..--_*-- ,- ,-L\.*-m,-+-iI LV.*-m,-+-i--_*--,-L.--_*8------_*,---..,-L.,-_* &,-L~.`4R~# L....} &L . # File name # File name. ?&L /!   . ?&.L/.. $)e.)e...L[/`..IL/.Je..)L/. )L/. ). .L/  &.. ' &.. .-...L/..`':4RL///////0//0L0//LN0LG0Must be drive 1 through 8!0+ ?&Li0On which drive is your 0Q R&// R&L0 disk? 0| R& '//L//`L0} & &L0 DOS 3 to DOS XE copy program0 ?& & &L0DOS 30 /)L0DOS XE0 /)`11)<>$2L11111 $)e1)e11i 11i 11i 1i 11i 1i)) 1 1))ȱ)) 1`L1)))) )ɀ)L1`L1))` L11)1)1)ɀ)L021))L0211)) #, 11e11e11L181)1)` LF2B2 b VcL2B2L2L2 while closing DOS 2 file2jc +` L22 C2*e`db2jk VcL2L2 while opening DOS XE file2ɭc +`R.L222)e)d2i2h b VcLP3LF3 while writing DOS XE file3+c +`YTE NUML[3R3Q3} &R3Q3 $)eS3)eT3?Q3R3%S3T3S3T3IL4L3No such file number!3 ?& &L3Hit Ԡ to try again.3 ?& s*`L4%E%EReady to copy 4 C(R3Q3 .-LI4%E%EHit Ԡ if okay.%E4. C(Lp4Hit Ԡ to reject copy.4S ?&)IL4Lw4)L4`R3Q3 1))W3 1V3U3)M)L5 &L4"Please remove DOS 3 ('from') disk4 ?&L 5# and insert DOS XE ('to') disk.4 ?& &LI5 Push Ԡ when ready.5- ?& s*Ly5"---copying Ϡ DOS XE disk---5V ?&W3 2L5W3IL5W3 2V3U3 2 W3)M)Lm6 C2 &L5!Please remove DOS XE('to') disk5 ?&L 6" and insert DOS 3 ('from') disk.5 ?& &L56 Push Ԡ when ready.6 ?& s*Lf6#---copying ͠ DOS 3 disk---6B ?&))L4)M)L6 C2} &L6File Copied OKAY!6 ?& &L6Hit Ԡ to continue.6 ?& s*`e drive 1 thL68)))6)6 66 $)) 0LI7(%E%EPlace the DOS 3 disk in drive %B%E%E)7 C()M)L7 &L7$CAUTION: You will be swapping disks.7h ?& &L7 Put a write protect tab7 ?&L7 on your DOS 3 disk!7 ?&L#8L8%Place the DOS XE disk in drive %B%E%E)7 C( &LB8Push Ԡ when ready.8) ?& s* ,6Ȍ66 6Lt966 .66 & &L8#Choose a file to copy by typing its8 ?&L8 number as given above.8 ?& &6 6L9L8Or see more files by typing8 ?&L9 just Π.9 ?&L?9L89Or just hit Π.9" ?& &LU9堿9E R& '666 6LX86 6L:} &L9%EReady to quit?%E%E%E9 C(L9 Hit Ԡ for a new disk.9 ?&L9 Hit Ԡ to quit.9 ?&)IL:L9)`L:66 X3LO8;;;L#:$:$:s+$r+$ 6::L?::$:$} & *` :BWELCOME BASώ,4BXEDOC 1 ϐBAUTORUN BATU44README TXT WBREADME TXTW44  >:A%,)) !WELCOME TO DOS XE AND ATARI BASIC ('' THIS SAMPLE PROGRAM IS PROVIDED2&& SO YOU CAN EXPERIMENT WITH THE< 'SETUP.COM' PROGRAM.F P  GOOD LUCK! :WELCOME.BAS      ATARI DOS XE ****** OWNER'S MANUAL Copyright 1988, ATARI Corp. Sunnyvale,CA 94086  All rights reserved. ******************* ******************* Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the product documentation in this manual. However, because Atari Corporation is constantly improving and updating it's computer hardware and software, it is unable to guarantee the accuracy of printed material after the date of publication and disclaims liability for changes, errors, or ommissions. Atari, Atari BASIC, Atariwriter, Atariwriter Plus, Atariwriter 80, DOS XE, XE, XF551, XL, 400, 800, 810, 1050, 800XL, 1200XL, 65XE, and 130XE are trademarks or registered trademarks of Atari Corporation. ***************************** ***************************** PAGE 1 INTRODUCTION WHAT DOS XE DOES A computer cannot directly use the information on a disk. The information must be loaded into the computer's memory first. This requires special software called the Disk Operating System or DOS. DOS enables the computer and the disk drive(s) to work together in storing, retrieving and managing information. DOS XE is a DOS for the Atari XL and XE computers and disk drives. It organises information into files and helps you to maintain those files. You can group related files into directories, copy them, erase them, and perform other useful tasks. DOS XE itself is a file on a disk and must be loaded into your computer before it can work.  Some programs have a built-in DOS which loads automatically, others require that you load DOS XE separately. (See "LOADING DOS XE" in Chapter 2.) The Atari XF551 disk drive and DOS XE a re a powerful combination which will greatly enhance your Atari personal computer system. PAGE 2 USI NG THIS MANUAL This manual is designed to serve everyone from the novice computer user to the advanced programmer. It includes four chapters detailing all the capabilities of DOS XE, Three chap ters of more technical information primarily for programmers, and several appendices. The brief glossary of terms used in this manual may be particularly useful to beginners. As you work with the manual , consult the glossary whenever you are unsure of a term's meaning. Chapter 1 is an introduction to your drive and has been omitted from this disk based version of the DOS XE manual as it should be covered in the manual that came with your drive. Chapter 2:GETTING STARTED-introduces you to the most frequently used functions of DOS XE. With step-by-step instructions, it explains how to load DOS XE into your computer, prepare disks to store files, duplicate disks, name and refer to your files, copy files and erase them. It also shows how to configure DOS XE to fit your system. Most  importantly, it explains how to make a backup copy of your DOS XE master disk. Chapters 3,4,5 and 6 cover every function of DOS XE and provide detailed information on how to use these functions. Chapters 7,8 and 9 contain advanced information of interest mainly to the experienced programmer. The appendices cover both technical and nontechnical information. Appendix A:ERROR MESSAGES will be of interest to everyone. Paragraphs marked NOTE and WARNING appear throughout this manual. Notes contain useful hints and information relevant to the topic being discussed. Warnings alert you to potential problems and suggest ways to avoid them. Many DOS XE functions utilise a series of screen prompts that require the user to perform an action, such as pressing a key. These typically scroll from the bottom of the screen upward. Except for menu screens, all screen displays in this manual represent only a portion of the actual screen display. In this manual, characters enclosed by square brackets([]) represent keys on your computer keyboard. Sometimes a procedure requires you to use two or three keys at the same time. In that case, the keys are listed in order. For example, [CONTROL][X] means to press and hold down the [CONTROL] key and then press the [X] key. PAGE 3 CHAPTER 2 GETTING STARTED To use DOS XE you must have at least 1 disk drive, an Atari XL or XE computer, and a monitor. NOTE: DOS XE will not work on a 400 or 800 computer. LOADING DOS XE Follow these steps to load DOS XE: 1.Make sure that your computer and disk drive are switched off. Remove all cartridges from your computer. 2.Switch on your disk drive(s). Insert the DOS XE master diskette in drive 1. WARNING: Do not turn a drive on or off while there is a disk in it. Do not insert or remove a disk while the disk drive's busy light is on. Doing so could damage the information on the disk. 3.To load DOS XE with BASIC on an XL or XE computer, switch on the computer. On a 1200XL, you must insert the BASIC cartridge, then switch on the computer. 4.To load DOS XE without BASIC on an XL or XE computer, hold down the [OPTION] key while you switch on your computer.  5.The disk drives busy light goes on and DOS XE loads into your computer automatically. If you turn up the sound on your TV or monitor, you can hear a series of beeps as DOS XE loads. When DOS XE is loaded, the busy light goes out and the beeping stops. Loading a program when you first switch on your computer is called BOOTING UP. 6.If you boot DOS XE without BASIC, the main menu appears on the screen. If you boot DOS XE with BASIC, the BASIC READY prompt appears on the screen. To go from BASIC to DOS XE, type the BASIC command DOS and press [RETURN]. You then see the DOS XE Main Menu.  NOTE:In order to protect the original, it is important that you make a working copy of the DOS XE master disk. It would be a good idea to do so now. (See DUPLICATING A DISK in this chapter for instruct ions.) PAGE 4 BOOT ERRORS If a problem occurs while booting up, the following message may appear on your screen: ---!------------------------------------- | | | BOOT ERROR | | BOOT ERROR | | BOOT ERROR | " | BOOT ERROR | | . | | . | | . | ---------------------------------------- # The following problems can cause a boot error: 1.The disk drive latch was left open. Close it. 2.DOS XE is not on the disk. Use the correct disk. 3.The disk $is inserted incorrectly. Reinsert the disk with the label facing up and the oval read/write windows going in first. 4.The disk is damaged. Use another disk. The following conditions al%so prevent successful loading, but no error message will appear on the screen, or it may take several seconds or minutes before the message appears: 1.The disk drive was switched on after the computer. Remov&e the disk and switch them both off. Switch on the disk drive, insert the disk, then switch on the computer. 2.The disk drive is not properly connected to the computer. Be sure the periphe'ral cable is securely plugged in at both ends. 3.The disk drive power cord is not properly connected. Make sure it is securely plugged into the wall socket and the disk drive power socket. ( 4.The drive select switches are not set correctly. (see CONNECTING MULTIPLE PERIPHERALS in your manual.)Remove the disk and turn off the disk drive. Turn the switches to the down(drive#1) position and) reboot. PAGE 5 CONFIGURING DOS XE DOS XE is configurable. Certain features can be customized for your personal setup. Configuration* is done with the SETUP.COM program. Once DOS XE is configured, it can be saved to disk using the Create DOS XE.SYS File option in the System Function menu. You can make several configuratio+ns and save each of them on a separate disk, then use the appropriate disk for each task you will perform. The DOS XE features which can be configured are: *The number and types ,of drives. *The number of file buffers. *Installation of the 130XE RAM disk. *Whether the RS-232 handler should be loaded automatically. *Whether a BASIC program shou-ld be run automatically. Run SETUP.COM. It is a normal binary file and is run from the Run a Binary File option in the Machine Language Access menu. SETUP.COM displays the following menu: . ---------------------------------------- | | | SETUP.COM--MAIN MENU | | | | 1 Set up what will happen when |/ | DOS XE boots | | | | 2 See or change configuration of | | disks as known to DOS XE | | 0 | | 3 See or change detailed info | | about a particular drive type | | as it is known to DOS XE | | | | (Any other choice e1xits this program) | | | | Which option do you want ? | | | ----------------------------------------- 2 The first option creates an AUTORUN.SYS file. THis file makes several things happen when you boot up DOS XE. A RAM disk can be created, the RS-232 driver can be loaded, and a BASIC program can be run. 3 PAGE 6 The second option allows you to change the number of drives (and their device numbers) and file buffers. The third option displays detailed info4rmation about each drive recognised by DOS XE, and lets you alter its Write Verify status. Examine these options in reverse order. Type [3] and press [RETURN]. You see the following menu: 5 ---------------------------------------- | | | DRIVE TYPE INFORMATION | | | | Available Drive Types: | 6 | | | Drive Type 1 is AT810 | | Drive Type 2 is AT1050 | | Drive Type 3 is XF551 | | Drive Type 4 is 130RAM 7 | | Drive Type 5 is SSDD | | | | Choose one of the listed drive types | | by number to see more information. | | (other responses exit to main m8enu) | | | | Drive Type Number>> | | | ---------------------------------------- If ot9her drive types have been incorporated into your DOS XE, they will be listed here. Select a drive type by typing the number and pressing [RETURN]. Look at number 4, the 130 XE RAM disk. The following in:formation is displayed: ---------------------------------------- | | | DETAILED INFORMATION,DRIVE TYPE 4 | | ; | | Type name is 130RAM | | | | Total Sectors on Disk:257 | | Usable DOS XE Sectors:251 | | Writes Single Density< Disks | | Writes Single Sided Disks | | Disk is set for write WITH verify | | | | Do you want to alter the write mode| | for this drive t=ype (Y/N)? | | | ---------------------------------------- PAGE 7 This screen gives basic i>nformation about the drive. It also gives you a chance to set the Write Verify mode. Write Verify means that DOS XE checks a file as it writes it to make sure it is accurate. This is the normal mode and ? is desirable when using floppy disks. Type [Y]. The following prompt is displayed: ---------------------------------------- | | | Do you want fut@ure writes to be | | WITH verify (Y/N)? | | | ----------------------------------------- Type [N] and press [STARTA] to return to the option Three menu. You can check the other drive types or just press [RETURN] to return to the main menu. When you return to the main menu, press [2] and [RETURN] to get a screBen like the following: ---------------------------------------- | | | CONFIGURATION OPTIONS | | | | C Current configuration: | | | | Active Drives: | | Drive 1 is XF551(configurable) | | | D |Maximum of 3 files may be open at once| | | | Is this configuration okay? | | Answer Yes or No(Y/N)>> | | | E ---------------------------------------- This shows the drives that are hooked to your system. Let's assume that you have a 130XE and install the RAM disk. F PAGE 8 Press [N] to get the following screen: ________________________________________ | | | CHANGE CONFIGURATION G | | | | Type in the NUMBERS of the drives | | that you want to be active. | | | | For example,if you have tHwo drives | | you might type in | | 12 | | (Spaces are allowed but ignored) | | | | Do NOT specify a 130XEI RamDisk here! | | | | What drives do you want active? | | >> | | | -------------------J--------------------- Enter the numbers of the drives you want to use. Normally these would be numbered consecutively but they do not need to be. You could have drives 1,5 and 6 if you want. TKhis might be useful, for example, if you have modified drives which can be only numbered 5 to 8. Enter [1] if you have one drive, [1][SPACE BAR][2] if you have two drives. The next prompt askLs you if you want a RAM disk for your 130XE. Type [Y] for yes. You are then asked for the drive number for the RAM disk. Use 8 because it is the most common number, so most software will expect it. M You are asked if you want to change the maximum number of files open at once (file buffers). Type [Y] and you see a prompt asking how many. One more than the number of drives is usually sufficient. Press [RENTURN] to enter the default value 3. If your software needs more the instruction manual will tell you so. NOTE: For DOS XE menu functions, two files are enough, except when using batch files, Owhere three may be needed for a few commands. You are returned to the Configuration screen to check the information you entered. If it is correct, enter [Y] and go back to the Main menu. P PAGE 9 Finally, you can set the boot-up conditions for DOS XE.Press [1] and [RETURN]. The following screen is displayed: Q ---------------------------------------- | | | AUTORUN.SYS OPTIONS | | | | 1 Initialise the RAMDISK of an | R | Atari 130XE computer when | | DOS XE is booted. | | | | 2 Initialise the RS-232 driver | | (e.g.,for Atari 850 Interface) S | | when DOS XE is booted. | | | | 3 Run an Atari BASIC program | | as soon as DOS XE is booted. | | T | | Type in the NUMBERS of the options | | you want to choose. You may choose | | 1,2, and/or 3 in any order. | | (any other response exits this menu) | | U | | 1,2,3 or combination> | | | ---------------------------------------- The first option will set up the RAM disVk when you boot the computer. You want that for this example. The second loads the RDRIVER.SYS program which is the handler for the RS-232 serial ports on the 850 Interface. If you use this option, the file W RDRIVER.SYS must be on the boot disk. Ignore the serial handler for now. The third option makes a BASIC program autorun at boot-up. (BASIC must be installed and the BASIC program must be preseXnt when you boot up). There is a sample BASIC program called WELCOME.BAS on the disk to demonstrate this feature. Type 13 (or [1][SPACE BAR][3], or [3][SPACE BAR][1]) and press [RETURN]. Enter tYhe pathname for the program-D1:WELCOME.BAS- and press [RETURN]. A verification prompt is displayed if the BASIC program does not exist. Press [Y]. You will be told that a file named AUTORUN.SYS has been createdZ. That file contains the instruction you have given. PAGE 10 Press [START] to return to the Main menu. Press [RETURN] to leave SETUP.COM. you ar[e asked whether to reinitialise DOS XE. This will put the changes you have made into effect. Type [Y] and you will be returned to the DOS XE Main menu. The DOS XE in the computer's memory is now \ configured the way you want it. You must write this modified DOS XE to a disk to make it permanent.Use the Create DOSXE.SYS File option in the System Function menu to do this. You can overwri]te the DOS XE on your work disk or make a new disk with your customised DOS XE. COPY3_XE.COM There is one more file on the DOS XE master disk. It is COPY3_XE.COM. Thos^e of you who have files in the DOS 3 format can use this file to convert them to DOS XE format. Run the file from the Run a Binary File option in the Machine Language Access menu. Follow the prompts to convert_ the files on your DOS 3 disks. FILES AND DIRECTORIES DOS XE organises information stored on disks into files. Each file contains one specific group of information, ` perhaps a letter from your word processor, a game program or DOS XE itself. These files can be stored randomly on the disk, or they can be grouped together into directories. Every disk has at a least one directory called the root directory, which contains everything on the disk. You can create other directories and put files into them. A directory can hold 1250 files. These subdibrectories can contain even more files and directories. PAGE 11 The structure of directories and subdirectories is like a sideways tree, with cthe root directory at the left. For example, a typical disk may be organised as follows: PROGRAM1.BAS BASIC>PROGRAM2.BAS d / PROGRAM3.BAS PROGRAMS> / \ / LOGO>PROGRAM1.LOG D1> PROGRAM2.LOG e \ \ LETTER1.BUS LETTERS>LETTER2.BUS LETTER3.BUS LETTER4.BUS f There is a limit of 1250 files per directory,but no theoretical limit to the number of directories. However, there are two overriding practical limits: The capacity of the disk, and the 80 cgharacter limit on pathnames. ( See PATHNAMES in this chapter.) NAMING FILES AND DIRECTORIES When you create a file or directory, you must give it a name. The name can beh up to 8 characters in length, followed, if you like, by a period (full stop) and an extension of up to 3 characters. Except for the period which separates the name from the extension, all the i characters must be numbers, letters, or one of a few special characters, such as _ or @. All letters typed in lower case are converted to capitals. No punctuation marks or symbols are permitted in the namje or extension. You can use: these names: but not these names: LETTER.BUS LETTER#1.BUS (illegal character) LETTER1 letter1 (wikll be converted to LETTER1) LETT_1.BUS LETT 1.BUS (illegal space) PROGRAM1.BAS PROGRAM12.BAS (too many characters) PAlGE 12 These examples use intentionally nondescriptive names. You will want to use more meaningful names for your files. For instance, you may want to use the name of the person you were writing tom instead of LETTER1. A game might be called MAZE.BAS instead of PROGRAM1.BAS. The optional extension is useful when you name related but distinct files that you might want to manage as a group. (nSee WILDCARDS in this chapter.) For example, you could use .BAS as an extension for programs that you write in Atari BASIC--PROGRAM1.BAS, PROGRAM2.BAS, and so on. You might use BUSINESS.LET to identify a business letoter and SISTER.LET to identify a letter to your sister. PATHNAMES When you refer to a file you must indicate which disk drive it is on and which directory it is in, as well as its name. p This is called the pathname because it shows the path that DOS must follow to find your file. Here is what a typical pathname looks like, with an explanation of each part: D1>PROGRAMS>BASIC>PROGqRAM1.BAS D (Device name). The device names used by DOS XE are "D" for normal disks and "A" for disks in the alternate DOS 2.0/2.5 format. (See ALLOW DOS 2.X ACCESS in CHAPTER 6.) Other devrices may be used such as "P:" (printer) or "E:" (screen editor). 1 (DEVICE NUMBER). The device number is the disk drive number. > (DELIMITER). These symbols separate the parts sof the pathname. PROGRAMS (DIRECTORY NAME). A directory name is used if the file is not in the root directory. The extension must be used if there is one. BASIC (SUBDIRECTORtY NAME). Additional subdirectory names are used if the file is at a lower level in the tree. PROGRAM1.BAS (FILENAME AND EXTENSION). The filename is the file you want. If the filename has an extensionu, the extension must be included. Pathnames cannot exceed 80 characters. This limits the level of subdirectories you can have. If you need more levels (very unlikely on floppy disks),v use shorter directory names. PAGE 13 WORKING DIRECTORIES DOS XE provides a shortcut when dealing with long pathnawmes. It allows you to define a working directory. DOS XE remembers the name of your working directory. When you first boot DOS XE, the working directory is D1>, the root directory. You can define a new workxing directory using the Working Directory option in the menus. (See WORKING DIRECTORY in CHAPTER 4.) DOS XE displays your working directory pathname at the top of the menu screens. There arye seven rules for using the working directory: 1. If no pathname is specified, the working directory pathname will be used. 2. A colon (:) is shorthand for the working directory'zs pathname. 3. A < symbol is shorthand for "move back one level." 4. "D>" is always treated as "D1>." 5. If a device name or number does not match the beginning of t{he working directory's pathname, then no part of the working directory's pathname is used. 6. If the device name and number are followed by a > symbol, (or a colon AND a > symbol), then no part of | !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTthe working directory's pathname is used. 7. If the first character is a > symbol, then only the device name and number from the working directory's pathname are used. } These will be clearer with a few examples. Look at the following directory tree: GAMES> / BASIC> / \~ PROGRAMS> GRAPHICS> / \ / LOGO> D> \ BUSINESS> \ / LETTERS>  \ PERSONAL> PAGE 14 This tree only shows directories, but assume there are also files at every level. Also πassume you use your working directory D1>PROGRAMS>BASIC> as your starting point to explore ways to move around the tree in the following examples. A file in the working directory: ρ If you type: DOS XE uses: FILE D1>PROGRAMS>BASIC>FILE :FILE D1>PROGRAMS>BASIC>FILE. D:FILE D1>PROGRAMS>BASIC>FIςLE. D1:FILE D1>PROGRAMS>BASIC>FILE. A file in a directory to the right of the working directory: If you type: DOS XE uses: σ GAMES>FILE D1>PROGRAMS>BASIC>GAMES>FILE. A file in the directory to the left of the working directory: If you type: DOS XE uses: τ PROGRAMS>FILE. <FILE. <<<<FILE. NOTE: DOS XE ignores all the extra < symbols when it reaches the root dυirectory. A file in a directory at the same level as the working directory: If you type: DOS XE uses: FILE D1>PROGRAMS>LOGO>FILE. φ A file in the root directory: If you type: DOS XE uses: >FILE D1>FILE. D>FILE D1>FILE. D1>FILE χ D1>FILE. D:>FILE D1>FILE D1:>FILE D1>FILE. PAGE 15 A file in a different path: If yoψu type: DOS XE uses: >LETTERS>FILE D1>LETTERS>FILE. A file on a different disk drive: If you type: DOS XE uses: D2>FILEω D2>FILE. D2:FILE D2>FILE. A file in a subdirectory on a different disk: If you type: DOS XE uses: D2>MUSIC>FILE ϊ D2>MUSIC>FILE. D2:MUSIC>FILE D2>MUSIC>FILE. D2:>MUSIC>FILE D2>MUSIC FILE. WILDCARDS In a card game, wildcards are valuable because they standϋ for any card you choose. Similarly, DOS XE recognises wildcard symbols that stand for any character or combination of characters in a file name. Wildcards allow you to refer to a group ofό files rather than to each one individually. The wildcards recognised by DOS XE are the question mark (?) and the asterisk (*). The question mark stands for any single character. The asterisk sύtands for the rest of the characters in the name or extension. Consider a directory with the following files: PROGRAM1.BAS LETTER1.BUS PROGRAM2.BAS LETTER2.BUS PROGRAM1.LOώG LETTER1.SIS As in this example, you could use LETTER*.* to specify all the letter files. *.BAS specifies all the BASIC programs. *.??S specifies all the files except PROGRAM1.LOG. *.* speϏcifies all of the files in the directory. Wildcards can also save you a lot of typing. Rather than typing the whole filename, just type the characters needed to indicate its unique name and use the asteϐrisk for the rest. For example, PROGRAM1.LOG can be specified with *.LOG as long as there are no other files on the disk with .LOG extensions. PAGE 16 ϑ ERROR MESSAGES While working with DOS XE , you may occassionally see something like this on your screen: ---------------------------------------- | ϒ | | ERROR #139 | | | | HARDWARE CONNECTION PROBLEMS | | PUSH START TO CONTINUE | | ϓ | ---------------------------------------- This means that something has gone wrong, perhaps a loose cable. A list of error messages can be found in APPENDIX A. Whenϔ you have corrected the problem, press [START] to return to the menu and continue. DUPLICATING A DISK It is wise to make backup copies of important disks aϕnd store them in a safe place. This protects a disk or file from damage or accidental erasure. Begin by duplicating your DOS XE disk. NOTE: Some commercial programs are copy protected so theϖy cannot be duplicated. Get a blank disk for the copy and follow these steps. 1. Go to the System Function menu by pressing [S] and [RETURN] from the Main menu. The System Function ϗmenu will appear. 2. Press [D] and then [RETURN]. The Message CAUTION! THIS OPERATION DESTROYS PROGRAM AREA appears. 3. Press [START] to continue. 4. Press [1]. Ϙ 5. We will assume you only have one drive, so press [1] again. (If you have more than one drive, see DUPLICATE A DISK in CHAPTER 6.) 6. In this case, your original DOS XE master diskϙ is the [FROM] disk. Make sure the write-protect notch (if any) is covered and place it in your drive. Press [START]. PAGE 17 7. The blank disk is the [TOϚ] disk. Make sure the write-protect notch is not covered on it. When DOS XE says: ---------------------------------------- | | | PUT TO DISK IN DRIVE 1 ϛ | | | | PUSH START TO CONTINUE | | PUSH SELECT TO STOP NOW | | | |-------------------Ϝ--------------------- take the master disk out of the drive and put the blank disk in. Press [START]. If the master disk is very full, you may have to repeat steps 2 and 3 several times. ϝ NOTE: Duplicating a disk will initialise the blank disk. 8. When DOS XE says: ---------------------------------------- | | | SELECT ϞITEM OR ESC OR RETURN: | | | ---------------------------------------- duplication is done. Press [ESC] to return to the Main menu. ϟ9. Put your original disk in a safe place and work with the copy. For more details, see DUPLICATE A DISK in CHAPTER 6. INITIALISING A DISK A new disk must be initialϠised before it can be used. This procedure organises the the disk so that DOS XE can find its way around. Get another blank disk and follow these steps: 1. Place the blank disk in disk drive oϡne. 2. Go to the System Function menu from the Main menu by pressing [S] followed by [RETURN]. The System Function menu will appear on the screen. Press [1] and then [RETURN]. Press [1] for dϢisk drive one. PAGE 18 3. Type XF551 (assuming this is the type of drive you are using) for your disk drive and press [RETURN]. Since initialising ϣa disk permanently destroys any information previously stored on that disk, you will get one final chance to change your mind. Press [START] and the disk will be initialised in the XF551 format. Ϥ When initialisation is finished, you will be able to store files on the disk. For more details on initialising disks, see INITIALISE DISK in CHAPTER 4. COPYING FILES ϥ You will often use DOS XE to copy files from one disk to another. You can make a backup copy of one or several files without having to copy the whole disk. You may also copy files to another directoryϦ. When a file is copied, the original remains unchanged. If a file is copied to a directory which already has a file of the same name, the existing file is overwritten, unless it has been locked.ϧ For more details on copying files, see COPY FILES in CHAPTER 4. ERASING FILES AND DELETING DIRECTORIES You can erase a file or a complete directorϨy with options in the File Access menu. Erasing outdated files makes space on a disk for more information. Once all the files have been erased from a directory and it is empty, the directory can be deleted.ϩ WARNING: Use the Erase Files option with care; it is permanent. By using wildcards, you can erase as many files as you wish in one operation. The files must all be in the same directory. MaϪke sure that you want to erase all of the files which match the name; it is easy to make a mistake. NOTE: We recommend using Files Listing with the same filenames first to be sure that only the desired ϫfiles will be affected. For more details on erasing files and deleting directories, see ERASE FILES and DELETE DIRECTORY in CHAPTER 4. PAGE 19Ϭ PROTECTING FILES AND DIRECTORIES You can protect your files and directories so they cannot be changed or erased. Use the Protect Files option in the File Access menu to protect ϭthem and the Unprotect Files option to release them so that they can be changed or erased. Protected files and directories have an asterisk (*) before their names in the file listing. Ϯ A protected file can be loaded into the computer and used, but nothing can be saved back to that file. This is the suggested way to store all your permanent files. It will prevent loss through mistakeϯs with wildcards. A protected directory can have files saved to it or erased from it, but the directory itself cannot be deleted. For more details, see PROTECT FILES and UNPROTECT FILES in ϰ CHAPTER 4. PAGE 20 CHAPTER 3 THE MAIN MENU After you load DOS XE, tϱhe main menu appears on the screen. The menu is a list of options you can choose from. To choose an option, press the key which corresponds to the letter highlighted in inverse video, then press [RETURN]. ϲ The Main menu usually contains four options. The first three are other menus. The fourth option is either EXIT TO CARTRIDGE or EXIT TO BASIC. However, if there is no cartridge in the computeϳr and BASIC has been disabled, the EXIT option is not displayed. Each of the first three menu options has further options. For instance, Press [F] and [RETURN] to look at the File Access menu. Thϴe first option in the File Access menu provides a list of files on the disk. Press [F] and then press [RETURN] three times. DOS XE gives you the listing. The individual options in the menus will be explained in detailϵ in CHAPTER 4, 5, and 6. For now, press [ESC] to return to the Main menu. ---------------------------------------- | DOS XE DISK OPERATING SYSTEM | | COPYRIGHT 1988 ATARI CORP. | ϶ | VERSION 01.00 | | | | ------------------------------ | | | | MAIN MENU Ϸ | | | | FILE ACCESS MENU | | MACHINE LANGUAGE ACCESS MENU | | SYSTEM FUNCTION MENU | | EXIT TO CARTRIDGE or EXIT TO BAϸSIC | | | ---------------------------------------- OPTIONS The main menu is the gateway to the other menus. Each of the other menus hasϹ commands to execute the various DOS XE options. The options are selected by typing the letter highlighted with inverse video and then pressing [RETURN]. All three menus have options for listing files andϺ changing the working directory. The File Access menu and the System Function menu both have options for initialising new disks. Beyond that, each menu covers a different range of functions. ϻ PAGE 21 FILE ACCESS MENU Type [F] and press [RETURN] for the File Access menu. This menu has options for file and directory maintenance. You can ϼcopy files and create directories. You can also rename, protect, or erase files and directories. MACHINE LANGUAGE ACCESS MENU Type [M] and press [RETURN] for this menu. The Machine LaϽnguage Access menu has options to manipulate the computer's memory. You can display and change memory locations, save blocks of memory into binary files and load the binary files back into memory, and runϾ binary files. SYSTEM FUNCTION MENU Type [S] and press [RETURN] for this menu. The System Function menu provides options for maintaining your disk operating system. You can duplicϿate disks, run batch files, reset the date, create a new DOS XE file, or work with the older Atari DOS 2.0/2.5. EXIT TO CARTRIDGE OR EXIT TO BASIC DOS XE senses if you have a cartridge installed or have the built in BASIC enabled. Typing [E] and pressing [RETURN] returns you to the cartridge or BASIC. If neither BASIC nor a cartridge is present this option is blank and you cannot exit DOS XE. You can, however, run a binary file or go to a machine language program. (See THE MACHINE LANGUAGE ACCESS MENU in CHAPTER 5.) PAGE 22VFILEMENU COPY D1>README.TXT E:XYTo print out your copy of the ATARIDOS XE manual, turn on your printer,make sure you have sufficient paper,(each file takes about 24 pages),read these instructions and press(RETURN). You will then be in theFILE ACCESS MENU. Press C (RETURN) toselect the COPY FILE option. Copyfrom XEDOC.1 to P:Repeat the copy option for all theXEDOC files (XEDOC.2, XEDOC.3,XEDOC.4, XEDOC.5 AND XEDOC.6).That's it. Now make the most of DOS XE